Abstract:
Biodiesel is a renewable fuel that will soon be fully accepted in the commercial world
but there are limitations to its use that need improvement. The use of oxygenated
additives have improved the burning/fuel qualities of conventional diesel and gasoline.
These oxygenates may also improve the qualities of biodiesel. This paper focuses on
comparing the fuel qualities such as the density, specific gravity, heat content, flash
point, and kinematic viscosity of oxygenate-biodiesel blends. The biodiesel was
produced from fresh and waste cooking oil and they were characterized and compared to
ASTM standards. The oxygenated additives (ethanol, methanol and diethyl ether) were
blended in the percentages 10, 20, 30 and 40% with biodiesel from fresh and waste oil.
The physicochemical properties such as kinematic viscosity, density, specific gravity,
flash point and heat content were analyzed for the blends. The density and specific
gravity values were within the range of 0.74-0.84 g/ml and 0.76-0.85 respectively. The
kinematic viscosities at 40oC were within 3.5-5.0 mm2
s
-1
after oxygenated additives
were added. The blends ignited at 16oC before the flashpoints could be gotten. The heat
content values for the biodiesel from fresh oil increased at 10 and 20% but decreased at
40% while that of biodiesel from waste oil decreased at 10, 30, and 40% for the ethanol and methanol blends. The diethayl ether blends did not show any pattern with increase in addition. The oxygenate addition improved the density, specific gravity, and kinematic
viscosity. Oxygenate addition may be a good way of improving the properties of
biodiesel as shown in the project.
